Saturday, December 28, 2019

Divorce Should Be Legalized in the Philippines - 2884 Words

Divorce should be legalized in the Philippines March 21, 2013 (Date Submitted) I. Introduction Marriage is meant to last forever and vows usually include the phrase, â€Å"’til death do us part†. These are the words that most of us believed. Marriage is regarded as a sacred union between a man and a woman, thus, it must be cherished and valued with love. But what if the love that a couple once shared together fades away? What if the love becomes weak and unstable as time passes by? What if everything changes and a person started to live a life full of misery? One of their options to solve these problems would be the divorce. It should be implemented in the Philippines. Present situation demands it. Reality tells us that†¦show more content†¦The Philippines is known for being a strong Christian nation, with over 80% of its population as Roman Catholics. They are the group that is known to be against the divorce issue. According to the article from Positively Filipino Magazine entitled â€Å"Why the Philippines Needs a Divorce Law† by Evalyn Ursua, the Catholic Church will be the greatest opponent of the divorce bill. It was once argue against the bill on moral grounds. But the Catholic Church does not need to worry. The institutions of marriage and the family have survived to this day, as they will survive a Philippine divorce law. We are a secular state, where no religious group has the right to define law or policy for the entire population. The law should only give people a choice, to be exercised according to their own personal beliefs. We can clearly see that our Catholic orientation has been a dominant factor. Divorce is something that we should adopt. Remember that Spain is the root of Christianity yet divorce had been implemented. They are now benefiting from it. A lot of people fear that divorce might erode the values and teachings of the Catholic Church. The cases of Italy and Spain (two Catholic countries which practice divorce) are clear evidences of its invalidity. In accordance with House Bill No. 1799 filed by the Gabriela Women’s Party last July 27, 2010, Italy had only 7% while Spain registers 15% of divorce rate. In addition to that, over 90% of the pollShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage in the Philippines1931 Words   |  8 PagesAMA COMPUTER LEARNING COLLEGE SCHOOL Sayre Highway, Valencia City Bukidnon SAME SEX MARRIAGE IN THE PHILIPPINES: A CALL FOR ARGUMENT A TERM PAPER SUBMTTED TO EXILE, SOPHIA GOLDA, IN FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE COMMUNICATION SKILLS 2 BY: GLYDELLE O. LO CHERRY JOY A. MEJOS CLIFF EVANDER FORCADO March, 2013 Abstract Since 2001 it has been possible in the Netherlands for two men or two women to marry. There are certain differences, however, between same-sex marriage andRead MoreSame Sex Marriage1152 Words   |  5 Pagesmany reasons that have been given for opposing same-sex marriage in the Philippines, most of which are variations of well-established facts. While most of the arguments do not hold water, a number of them have basis. Most opponents of same-sex marriage in the Philippines believe that marriage is meant for man and woman. Most people believe that marriage is an observance of religion and, therefore, same-sex individuals should not be allowed to form of union. It is indisputable that children born formRead MoreLegalization of Same Sex Marriage9779 Words   |  40 PagesTHE LEGALIZATION OF SAME SEX MARRIAGE AS ASSESED BY CITHM STUDENTS S.Y. 2011-2012 A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of International Tourism And Hospitality Management LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Tourism By Ang, Dianne Marie M. Bayot, Donalynne B. October 2011 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION    In our generation today, homosexualsRead MoreCompare and Contrast - Women5945 Words   |  24 Pageswomen today. I. Intro 1. Womens lives have changed enormously this century and the actions of women themselves have played a vital role in the transformation. Putting women back into history is about giving individual women their history, but it should also be about making some collective sense out of womens divergent experiences. 2. At the beginning of the century most women were invisible in society, whatever their class.. II. Clothes a. Clothes 1. 100 years Very conservative Head toRead MoreApplication Of Public Policy Analysis4102 Words   |  17 PagesLength of paper: 15–20 typed, single-spaced pages. Font and font size: Arial, 12 point. What are the components of a Policy Brief? (Lifted from Tsai, 2006) http://www.pep-net.org/sites/pep-net.org/files/typo3doc/pdf/CBMS_country_proj_profiles/Philippines/CBMS_forms/Guidelines_for_Writing_a_Policy_Brief.pdf Executive summary] Description of The Problem Addressed This policy brief analyzes state exchange standards for implementation of reform. Identify here is the new federal rules governing age

Friday, December 20, 2019

Australian English And Its Slang - 844 Words

Nowadays, about 375 million people are native English speakers and more then half of them live in the United States. Also, five more countries use English as their first launguage including the United Kingdom,Canada,Australia,Ireland, and New Zealand. Because English is so widely spoken, there are major varieties of English, such as British English, North American English, Australian English, South African English and New Zealand English (R. Nordquist). In my research paper, I would like to talk about Australian English and it’s slang. Australian English (AuE, AusE, en-AU) is a specific form of English language that is using only in Australia. Aussie English started to differ from British English after the originating of the penal colony of New South Wales in 1788. At that time Great Britain has an overflowing population of prisoners, and British government decided to send different convicts from all over the country, including Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The native-born chi ldren of the colony established the new dialect that later has become the language of the nation. They created an earliest form of Australian English by hearing and mixing up a wide range of accents from all over the British Isles. Also, many immigrants from Europe that came to the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria in 1850s during the first Australian gold rushes had influenced on development of a unique Australian dialect. Moreover, some words from Aboriginal language, especially names forShow MoreRelatedLanguage and Identity Are Inextricably Linked. How Is This Reflected in the Current Australian Context?733 Words   |  3 Pagesfriendships with others who share the same common ground. By looking at accents such as Broad Australian English, slang and phonological features as they apply to Australian varieties, we can see how it has forged solidarity and assisted in creating an identity on an individual and national scale. Broad Australian English (BAE) is a language variety unique to Australia. Despite being spoken by a minority of Australian population today, it has a great deal of cultural credibility and how it represents theRead MoreImportance Of Australian English Language902 Words   |  4 PagesAustralian English is a unique ever-changing and evolving speech that illustrates itself through language. Australian english is Australia’s de facto main language. Seperate to the rest of the world, Australian English has developed through centuries with a universal language being established along with unique core Australian values and the Australian identity. The irreverent Australian society is influenced by the convicts which is still relevant today. Australians regard themselves as a multiRead MoreUsing a language to communicate is one of the main forms of connecting and conversing with other1700 Words   |  7 Pagesof another language. As Bucholtz, M.(2000) states â€Å"English will continue to shape the youth styles of other cultures† and â€Å"the process of cultural and linguistic borrowing moves in [two] directions†¦Asia [is] already having a significant impact on American youth, who regularly encounter mediated forms of international youth culture in music, film, and fashion † p 280-283. This is why we have some similarities between different languages. English is one of the main languages spoken around the worldRead MoreLanguage as a badge of identity Essay894 Words   |  4 Pagesthe subsystems. Language is used every day to communicate with one another but beneath that conversation lies another message. The speaker’s use of language gives listeners insight as to who they are, like a badge of identity on their chest. Australian English’s unique phonology and lexicon is recognised globally and distinguishes it from other accents, giving the speaker a clear national identity. Ethno-lects are spoken by a specific group of people who have the same cultural background. TheseRead MoreHow Informal Language Affect Australian Society1272 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss how informal language functions in Australian society. Refer to at least two subsystems. British linguist David Crystal once said â€Å"languages that don’t change are dead ones†, and the evolution of English language; not only in Australia, but on a global scale has developed in such a way that formal language is progressively becoming obsolete, whilst informal language is transforming into an increasingly contemporary form of written and spoken communication. The wide utilisation of informalRead MoreStandard English Essay1213 Words   |  5 PagesThe question to ask is: ‘Why not use Standard English all the time?’ Language is a powerful communication tool the user holds to express their individual identity and ingroup solidarity. The use of Standard English helps to direct this, as it acts as the structure of communication, ingroup and between speech communities to effectively present a standard for mutual understanding. Outside of Standard English comes the use of slang, netspeak and textspeak, which helps to develop and enrich the languageRead MoreA Study On Australian Indigenous Art935 Words   |  4 PagesAustralia, but one in particular is Australian Indigenous art, which is the oldest ongoing tradition of art in the world. Initial forms of artistic Aboriginal expression were rock carvings, body painting and ground designs, which date back more than 30,000 years. After Australia was colonized the sale of artifacts occurred between indigenous and non-indigenous people on a widespread basis throughout south-eastern Australia. The quality and variety of Australian Indigenous art produced to day reflectsRead MoreEssay on Language as Connectivity in a Group1100 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the language features present in slang and jargon, users are able to communicate their social identity and group belonging. They are also able to portray their cultural heritage and background through ethnolect varieties of English. Language plays a crucial part in enabling the speaker to communicate belonging to a specific social group, reinforcing solidarity. The use of slang enables the speaker to reinforce group membership and belonging. Slang is often ephemeral in nature; it constantlyRead MoreLanguage And Its Impact On Children Development1487 Words   |  6 Pageswe view, learn and express language as adults and children. These include the use of language in the social context it is being used from speaking with different people from professionals to friends, the different types of English used from Australian English to Aboriginal English, the impact culture has on language and the understanding and knowledge needed with the impact that oral language has. Teachers need to be able to recognize the impact they have on children development and make sure to supportRead MoreThe Australian and Chinese Cultures: A Comparative Analysis623 Words   |  3 Pagespinpoint what being Australian really is, or to define Australian culture. The best way to approach an analysis of Australian culture may be to compare it with another culture. Chine se culture is equally as complex and diverse as Australian culture, as both countries have a large variety of ethnic groups within their borders. However, in terms of the many aspects of culture such as meaning, language, human activity, lifestyle, works of art, and leisure activities, Australian and Chinese cultures

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Media Assignment English Today Magazine Essay Example For Students

Media Assignment: English Today Magazine Essay English teachers are well aware that appreciating a Shakespearian play such as Romeo and Juliet is not something that the twenty first century GCSE student finds particularly interesting. As a member of Year Ten, I think that the use of a visual medium especially the film would be considerably useful in assisting pupils with their comprehension and analytical understanding of the play. Two of the most common productions that are currently used in the classroom are Luhrmans film version which was made relatively recently and is set in a modern Verona and Zeffirellis adaptation which is set in a contemporary Elizabethan Verona and produced in the 60s. Both are advantageous in different ways and they might possibly attract different audiences. First of all lets look at the opening of Luhrmans film. The first thing that the audience see is a newsreader on a television reciting the prologue superimposed on a dark screen. Since there is neither background music nor other images except the newsreader, the point of focus is the words of the prologue thus emphasising their importance. Furthermore in the top corner of the news readers screen there is a ring which is split in two. Isnt this a graphic way to encapsulate the message of the prologue that the love between Romeo and Juliet is torn apart by conflict? I think this will certainly leave a lasting impression to the minds of the students. Once the newsreader has finished, the prologue is repeated as a voice over but this time with the words on screen, again making the importance of the prologue absolutely clear to the viewers. The modern day GCSE student lives in a world surrounded by new technology therefore Luhrman uses lots of modern cinematic techniques in order to grab the attention of the audience. Here we see a technique that will really assist the audience in their appreciation of the play, while the prologue is repeated, images of violence between the two families are shown and there is a camera shot of two large towers with the words Montague and Capulet inscribed in bold letters. This juxtaposition helps the students to visualize the conflict between the two families and also the overwhelming domination that they have over the city. The newspaper headlines that are intermittently flash on screen also help to portray that the entire city is focused on the two families. The aural senses of the audience can not fail to notice that the orchestral background music has gradually increased in pace; the speed of the scene transition also increases, adding to the build up of excitement in the opening sce ne. Likewise in Zeffirellis version while the prologue is being recited, only the title Romeo and Juliet is seen imposed on a black background. The director uses the voice over of Sir Lawrence Olivier who is a renowned Shakespearian actor to recite the prologue, stressing the importance of the prologue; although this is likely to be lost on a teenage GCSE audience. Olivier uses a very calm, relaxed tone reinstating an ambience of peace. The font that is used for the title is in a medieval style, as is the background setting and music; the audience cannot fail to notice that Zeffirelli focuses on the era in which Shakespeares play is set. As the title fades away a very peaceful morning scene is introduced and the camera focuses on the sun, might this signify tranquillity and joy and the start of a new day? The minds of the more literal students might be thinking about the Princes words at the end of the play, The sun for sorrow will not show his head, could this be foreshadowing later eve nts? Dramatic and Important To the Play EssayConversely the same scene in Zeffirellis version is perhaps the weakest point in the film. The meeting between Benvolio and Romeo is very brief compared to Luhrmans film, Zeffirelli cuts out most of the dialogue from the original play, including key sections which contain aspects of language that are quintessential to understand Romeos character. For a general audience it is quite acceptable; however for a GCSE audience this is very unhelpful. How frustrating, all that time spent teaching the pupils about this part of the play without being able to show it to them in a visual form. However where Zeffirellis film really shines is in its portrayal of Mercutios Queen Mab speech, Zeffirelli through this speech shows a vivid illustration of Mercutio as a character. Initially while Mercutio is reciting the speech he is very light hearted and a band of friends are following him laughing and responding to his jokes, giving a preliminary impression of a humorous leader figure. However for the last part of his speech, he runs out into the empty courtyard and begins to shout and he becomes very disturbed by what he is saying. Zefferelli effectively conveys to audience an oddity in Mercutios character and it explains the way he behaves later on in the play, something which that may have been difficult to explain before to your pupils. Luhrmans version of this scene has both advantages and disadvantages. Luhrman excellently emphasizes the role of fate in the play; while Romeo says the line some consequence yet hanging in the stars the screen flashes forward into the future and we see a glimpse of an important scene near the end of the play. This is an outstanding way of illustrating to the audience the theme of fate and clearly conveys that Romeo believes that his life is predetermined. The scene however also has a weak point, Luhrman portrays Queen Mab as a drug, this alone is not too bad (perhaps an interpretation of the line no bigger than an agate stone), but the oddity is that Romeo then takes the. Personally I think that this gives the wrong impression to a GCSE audience it almost leads us to believe that Romeo is not fully aware or conscious of the decisions that he makes in the next scene. In conclusion both films have advantages and disadvantages. However I would like to recommend the use of Luhrmans film in order to assist GCSE students with their appreciation of the play. Primarily because of Luhrmans use of contemporary to modern day setting and the use of fresh parallels that appropriately replace some on the events in the original play without any losing any of the meaning; I think that this will really help GCSE students to comprehend and value Shakespeares play. Another decisive factor was Zeffirellis omission of key aspects in Act I sc 1 that are absolutely essential for GCSE students. Thank you very much for taking time to read my comments about this topic and I hope you take this into consideration when you decide which film of Romeo and Juliet to show your pupils.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Edgar Degas Paintings Comparison and Analysis Essay Example For Students

Edgar Degas Paintings Comparison and Analysis Essay They were artists who were dissatisfied with Academic Art and opposed the Romantics idea that the main reason for art was to create emotional excitement for its viewers. Edgar Degas was one of these rebels and one of the most prominent members of the group. Degas became known for his description of his subjects, which included depictions of ballet dancers and woman bathing Which portrayed the Impressionist label Of experimental and vivid use of color. L As seen throughout many of his paintings, Degas consistently is seen to observe %undresses, milliners and ballet dancers at work. He employs in his artwork unusual perspectives and complex formal Structures. His works, Dancers, in Pink and Green and Woman Combing Her Hair are bon in particular pieces that are well-known and clearly depict the Impressionist details of Degas. Both are very familiar in style, and in symbolism as well. Dancers in Pink and Green and Woman Combing her Hair are two of hundreds of Degas pieces. They have sign ificant similarities in style, mostly in part because they both reflect Impressionist artistic details. The charm of these two pictures are abstract- consisting in rhythm of light and shade, color and went. Degas uses oil on canvas for Dancers, in Pink and Green. The vibrant colors, especially pink and green, are prominent in the painting and portray to the viewer a natural view of the ballerinas. The ballerinas appear natural and spontaneous rather than having a build up of composition with well- studied proportions and balance. Edgar Degas goal was to create a simple yet appealing image to the eye. Although Edgar Degas ignored details, revealed brushstrokes and placed unblended colors side by side, he still created a very realistic image of the ballerinas If a viewer were to take a few steps back from he painting, the image itself seems to fall into place and seems real and intricate. His unusual perspectives and complex Structures present in his artworks are also seen in his Woman Combing her Hair. Edgar Degas created M/Oman Combing Her Hair With pastels on a light green wove paper. The pastels helped establish a simple in theme, but complex in Structure, composition. He depended upon Vivid colors and purposeful gestures in his paintings rather than precise lines. 3 These characteristics added to the depiction of the subject of the painting. As seen in the previous Dancer art ice, the natural image of a woman is portrayed, but in this case it is a woman combing her hair. There is no build up of composition with studied proportions or balance as well- it is an image merely off naked woman combing her hair. The animal being that takes care of himself, a cat that licks itself. Up to this moment, the nude has been presented in poses that had a public in mind; my women, on the other hand, are simple honest people who bother with nothing but the very caring Of their Degas)4 This quote reflects upon his view as an Impressionist artist. He did not want to portray his bowmen as fixed poses that are established to create an image Of a typical womans stance in the public m ind, but to just provide the audience with a natural woman performing the mere routines of caring for her body. Within the two paintings, Degas expressed and categorized these women according to their profession: whether they be dancers or regular women of the household. They represented specific types of individuals,5 Although completely different in themes, both paintings relay a similar message that not only characterizes Degas paintings, UT characterizes Degas himself. It is evident through the collection tot his works that Edgar Degas has developed obsessions, especially with woman in different forms, In these two cases, the women are either dancers or are regular woman performing daily routines such as combing hair. .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63 , .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63 .postImageUrl , .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63 , .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63:hover , .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63:visited , .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63:active { border:0!important; } .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63:active , .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63 .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80b1600fa6b47884245d8f064c6aaa63:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Burial Of Count Orgaz By El Greco EssayHe is a keen observer to women and has cultivated complete objectivity in his paintings for he catches complete natural spontaneous poses of his subjects, These poses were very controversial at the time because it exposed women in an uncommon way- a nude portrayal of them just in the means of their home. It could be interpreted that Degas took regular woman routines, and added sexual depictions to them on purpose so that from then on, a woman combing her hair could be then be imagined as a Woman combing her hair naked. As seen in Dancers, in Pink and Green, Degas reveals a simple image Of multiple dancers getting ready to perform, and one in-particular dancer is just staring at her feet while others are prepping for the performance. This simple depiction has more complex meaning in that the dancers are typically portrayed dancing. However, in this case, Degas shows one often just staring t her feet. Not dancing yet. Dance depicts structure, for and predetermined actions- a contradiction to his ideal of natural spontaneous poses. In Woman Combing Her Hair, the image is obviously simple. Woman performing a daily routine, This indicates clearly that Edgar Degas seems to pay much attention to womens actions in detail. The ballet dancers and naked woman are like a film sequence of women in his collection. They are neither delirious or romantic figures, but instead are objects tot obsessed study of their working movements and intimate daily activities, Both Dancers, in Pink and Green and Woman Combing He r Hair were painted to portray a very natural feel, as if the viewers have come upon the scene without the knowledge of the people engaged in it. Quality of Illimitableness and elasticity is evident, and this suits the expression of movement and life in the paintings. Every appears to not to be premeditated, but an instantaneous impression, unlike a camera because the action isnt suspended- it retains elastic rhythm of moving life. Within these two pieces of art, Edgar Degas is seen to put emphasis on certain aspects. In the case of the ballet dancers, emphasis is placed on the dancers costumes through their vivid color and size in comparison to the dancers body. They seem to stand-out from the body in the painting. Degas ballet dancers have no beauty in the face or grace Of figure in an ordinary sense. Rather, the beauty of the painting is depicted through the vibrant unblended colors of the pink and green costumes. The colors Of the costumes, although they are very visible, are simultaneously related to the background colors- the natural colors Of the scenery in the painting. In Woman Combing Her Hair, emphasis is prominently placed upon the the length and color of the womans hair. The painting is dominated by light colors such as light vibrant green, and the white rug and the soft skin tones; however, the hair seems to be the prominent feature of the image that catches the eye the most. Its length and dark luscious color grab the viewers attention and draws them to the focus: the woman combing her hair. Like the ballet dancers in Dancers, in Pink and Green Degas does not make an attempt to conceal the physical activity of this woman. Without seeing the womans face, it is difficult to identity her beauty tort he has purposefully concealed it so that emphasis could be placed on the action and artistic expression rather than the details. This also applies to the Dancers, in Pink and Green painting. This unusual angularity was common in many of Degas pieces- it was a distinct characteristic of his innovative composition. He received many of his ideas from Japanese Print Art- this type of art heavily influenced his paintings; and his paintings and art style has in-turn influenced the artists following him.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Is The Importance of Being Earnest a Realistic Fiction free essay sample

Realistic fiction is stories about imaginary people and/or events that can actually happen (Cullinan, 1989). The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde may seem realistic but, in fact, it is not. Fictional characters of the Victorian Period and various occasions of ridicule represent nothing but sarcastically mirror the reality of the Victorian society. The characters look humane and world view seems to be based on the Victorian society. Many scenes in the play suggest, with sarcasm, possible situations in the period. The Importance of Being Earnest chimes with Abrams’s notion of â€Å"realistic fiction† through three themes: the nature of marriage, the restriction of morality, and the lack of earnestness. The nature of marriage has a leading role in developing the plot of The Importance of Being Earnest and is a major debate on whether the reality is â€Å"pleasant†. Discussion about the nature of marriage first appears in the opening scene of Algernon and Lane talking about how demoralising marriage can be. We will write a custom essay sample on Is The Importance of Being Earnest a Realistic Fiction? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lane remarks that his marriage was pleasant but has ended because of â€Å"a misunderstanding between himself and a younger person† (Wilde, 2006), which might be between him and his younger self or his ex-wife. This reflects the reality that, in the Victorian Period, marriage could be lax and divorce was common. The next question on the nature of marriage emerges when Algernon and Jack have a little disagreement on whether proposing to a woman is â€Å"pleasure† or a â€Å"business†. â€Å"Business† does not describe marriage proposal correctly. Although the result of a proposal may usually be an acceptance, the process is where it is romantic and hence â€Å"pleasure†. Before the marriage proposal, Gwendolen tells Jack that she loves a man called Ernest because she believes the name â€Å"inspires absolute confidence† (Wilde, 2006). Even before she knows Ernest, she already has fascination with him. Marriage is thought to be serious and getting married should be thoroughly considered. Gwendolen, however, superficially believes all that is told to her. Satire Lady Bracknell has a list of eligible bachelors in which Jack is not in it. She questions Jack of how competent he is that she has to consider him based on her assumptions of the nature of marriage. She regards smoking as an â€Å"occupation† and knowing nothing as â€Å"a delicate exotic fruit† (Wilde, 2006). Apparently, these assumptions make no sense and are sarcasm which the opposites are, in fact, the real, normal requirements, such as occupation and knowledge, for an eligible man (SparkNotes Editors, 2004). Morality in the Victorian Period affected the society and is another theme of dialogues in the play. Jack states that reading a private cigarette case is â€Å"ungentlemanly† (Wilde, 2006). Algernon responds with â€Å"it is absurd to have a hard and fast rule about what one should read and what one shouldnt. More than half of modern culture depends on what one shouldnt read. † with Wilde’s intention that moral limits how Victorians lose a majority of their freedom due to social practice (Wilde, 2006). The conversation suggests an over-moralised Victorian society which constraints Victorians behaviours. In fact, the book title has already hinted a paradox of being Ernest or earnest. Earnestness, the extent of being sincere (Oxford Dictionaries, 2013), is one of the major sources of Wilde’s satire. Jack seems to be an earnest man but he uses two names—Jack in the country and Ernest in town. Ernest is the name Jack invented for going to town. Algernon does a similar thing that he creates a dummy called Bunbury for him to go to the country. One does not need en extra name unless they need to control how identities present themselves to different people. When Gwendolen tells him that she loves a man named Ernest, which is indeed Jack, he does not directly tell his true name and later proposed to her by taking advantage of â€Å"Ernest†. Earnestness, as mentioned above, is about sincerity. The Importance of Being Earnest is indeed the importance of not being earnest. Plenty of seriousness in the play denotes the opposite—frivolousness. Algernon hates when meal is not taken seriously by people. He even thinks they are â€Å"shallow†. This extreme thought cannot be taken seriously since not being â€Å"serious† about meals does not render one superficial. Another apparent example is Gwendolen’s belief of style, but not sincerity, having a great significance. She contradicts herself saying earlier that â€Å"Ernest† gives her fascination from its possible notion of sincerity. Obviously, Gwendolen is not serious about â€Å"style† or else she would not have loved Ernest. The Importance of Being Earnest is filled with satire and sarcasm which Wilde used to reflect and criticise the Victorian society. All characters and events themselves in the play look very real. Common readers who do not know the Victorian Period may perceive them to be sophisticated and humane. It is the satire that readers will find world view in the play a reflection of reality rather than plain history. The Importance of Being Earnest supports Abram’s notion of realistic fiction. ?

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Definition and Examples of Parsing in English Grammar

Definition and Examples of Parsing in English Grammar Parsing is a grammatical exercise that involves breaking down a text into its component parts of speech with an explanation of the form, function, and syntactic relationship of each part so that the text can be understood. The term parsing comes from the Latin pars for part (of speech). In contemporary linguistics, parsing usually refers to the computer-aided syntactic analysis of language. Computer programs that automatically add parsing tags to a text are called parsers. Key Takeaways: Parsing Parsing is the process of breaking down a sentence into its elements so that the sentence can be understood.Traditional parsing is done by hand, sometimes using sentence diagrams. Parsing is also involved in more complex forms of analysis such as discourse analysis and psycholinguistics. Parse Definition In linguistics, to parse means to break down a sentence into its component parts so that the meaning of the sentence can be understood. Sometimes parsing is done with the help of tools such as sentence diagrams (visual representations of syntactical constructions). When parsing a sentence, the reader takes note of the sentence elements and their parts of speech (whether a word is a noun, verb, adjective, etc.). The reader also notices other elements such as the verb tense (present tense, past tense, future tense, etc.). Once the sentence is broken down, the reader can use their analysis to interpret the meaning of the sentence. Some linguists draw a distinction between full parsing and skeleton parsing. The former refers to the full analysis of a text, including as detailed a description of its elements as possible. The latter refers to a simpler form of analysis used to grasp a sentences basic meaning. Traditional Methods of Parsing Traditionally, parsing is done by taking a sentence and breaking it down into different parts of speech. The words are placed into distinct grammatical categories, and then the grammatical relationships between the words are identified, allowing the reader to interpret the sentence. For example, take the following sentence: The man opened the door. To parse this sentence, we first classify each word by its part of speech: the (article), man (noun), opened (verb), the (article), door (noun). The sentence has only one verb (opened); we can then identify the subject and object of that verb. In this case, since the man is performing the action, the subject is man and the object is door. Because the verb is opened- rather than opens or will open- we know that the sentence is in the past tense, meaning the action described has already occurred. This example is a simple one, but it shows how parsing can be used to illuminate the meaning of a text. Traditional methods of parsing may or may not include sentence diagrams. Such visual aids are sometimes helpful when the sentences being analyzed are especially complex. Discourse Analysis Unlike simple parsing, discourse analysis refers to a broader field of study concerned with the social and psychological aspects of language. Those who perform discourse analysis are interested in, among other topics, genres of language (those with certain set conventions within different fields) and the relationships between language and social behavior, politics, and memory. In this way, discourse analysis goes far beyond the scope of traditional parsing, which is limited to that individual texts. Psycholinguistics Psycholinguistics is a field of study that deals with language and its relationship with psychology and neuroscience. Scientists who work in this field study the ways in which the brain processes language, transforming signs and symbols into meaningful statements. As such, they are primarily interested in the underlying processes that make traditional parsing possible. They are interested, for example, in how different brain structures facilitate language acquisition and comprehension. Computer-Assisted Parsing Computational linguistics is a field of study in which scientists have used a rules-based approach to develop computer models of human languages. This work combines computer science with cognitive science, mathematics, philosophy, and artificial intelligence. With computer-assisted parsing, scientists can use algorithms to perform text analysis. This is especially useful to scientists because, unlike traditional parsing, such tools can be used to quickly analyze large volumes of text, revealing patterns and other information that could not be easily obtained otherwise. In the emerging field of digital humanities, for example, computer-assisted parsing has been used to analyze the works of Shakespeare; in 2016, literary historians concluded from a computer analysis of the play that Christopher Marlowe was the co-author of Shakespeares Henry VI. One of the challenges of computer-assisted parsing is that computer models of language are rule-based, meaning scientists must tell algorithms how to interpret certain structures and patterns. In actual human language, however, such structures and patterns do not always share the same meanings, and linguists must analyze individual examples to determine the principles that govern them. Sources Dowty, David R., et al. Natural Language Parsing: Psychological, Computational and Theoretical Perspectives. Cambridge University Press, 2005.Halley, Ned. The Wordsworth Dictionary of Modern English: Grammar, Syntax and Style for the 21st Century. Wordsworth Editions, 2001.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Freedom of Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Freedom of Speech - Essay Example Given that Hustler defends male dominance in sexual matters one can conclude that Hustler harms and subordinates women. On the other hand, this magazine has also a negative connotation for men promoting their sexual coarseness and inclination towards violence against women. As a result, this leads to the consolidation of the male domination in society that negatively affects the relationship between men and women. In this respect, the legal regulation of pornography may reduce the negative impact of pornography on society. Catharine MacKinnon would point to the fact that pornography is immoral phenomenon, which violates the principles of gender equality and is thus a direct threat to the status of women in society. One can suppose that freedom of speech might strengthen these tendencies in the society, as it will promote the idea that men have a right to sexual dominance over women including the use of

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

English Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

English - Thesis Example It means larger reception hall or church, more drinks and food, more invitations and a bigger wedding cake. The first deliberation to make when deciding about the guests’ numbers is who is significant and who must attend the wedding. To reduce the wedding size, send invitations to the most important people as this will minimize the cake size to be baked, the reception hall and church size and, cut down on the total cost. The section is among the prime expenses depending on the category selected for a wedding. An important decision to be made involves whether the couple prefers a formal meal of sitting down which would be more expensive since it requires more staff or a buffet presentation. Another important factor includes considering what will be served before and after food if necessary. Always prefer the quality cheaper alternatives which could come as a package. The other central element of the wedding is the photography and music session. Depending on what the partners would like, either music playing in the event, live entertainment or hiring a DJ, options must be weighed. A wedding is a one-time occasion in individual’s life so planning must be made bearing in mind the benefits to the partners for the

Monday, November 18, 2019

Implementations of Emission Reduction Strategies as Political Research Paper - 4

Implementations of Emission Reduction Strategies as Political Decisions - Research Paper Example 7-18 December 2009 were the dates when world leaders gathered in Copenhagen to discuss the problems of climate change. The Climate Summit was the fifteenth conference of the global governments and resulted in the announcement of the Copenhagen Accord. This agreement was meant to be reached by the US and a block of BASIC – large developing – countries (China, India, South Africa, and Brazil) in regards to the measures world countries should take in order to reduce human impact on the environment and Earth atmosphere in particular. Though the Accord was outlining the major objectives of the counties cooperation with the purpose of fighting climate change, the paper did not even set any emission reduction targets. There was no information indicating a measurable way of determining each country’s impact on the prevention of temperature rise and no peaking emissions target year. Furthermore, the agreement did not even have any legally bounding force and the only resul ts the Climate Summit had was that the representatives of world countries approved taking note of the Copenhagen Accord. Many countries were opposing the methods and objectives the Accord presented (Buxton 2010) so, as a result, the US did not force the participating countries to officially accept the Accord for fulfillment. Though the document acknowledges the fact that temperature rise should be kept below 2 degrees Celsius with the help of emissions reduction, not specific goals were set for the countries to comply with the objective. Another point was that developing countries that are influenced by climate change most of all were to receive financial aid from developed countries in the period of 2010-2012 for adapting to the climate change (United Nations 2009, 3). The Accord also encourages the practice of paying developing countries for reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (Vidal, Stratton, and Goldenberg 2009). It should also be noted that previously develop ed proposals that called the countries for limiting temperature rises to 1.5 degrees Celsius and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 80% by 2050 were abandoned. In addition, the interesting fact is that the United States, who refused to sign the Kyoto Protocol of 1997, was the major contributor to and strongest supporter of the Copenhagen Accord. The country’s motive for objecting to signing documents like the Kyoto Protocol, the purpose of which is the worldwide reduction of greenhouse gas emission, is, most likely economic. The USA is one of the largest environment polluters in the world because of the high level of economic development and great volumes of industrial production (Droge and Kemfert 2005, 246). The signing of such an agreement force the US companies to either invest in the development of environmentally friendly technologies or reduce the levels of production. Either option leads to a decrease in companies’ profit and, consequently, a decrease in the government’s tax income. Fighting the Climate Change: Trade Policies, In any case, the outcomes of the Climate Summit can, according to Droge and Kemfert (2005, 235) be explained by the fact that climate change policies are rather political decisions that have a very strong relation to international trade policy and business operations. A study conducted by Droge and Kemfert (2005, 235) is focused on the trade policies related to climate.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Electronic Media And Youth Violence

Electronic Media And Youth Violence Electronic media has forgotten Ethics and Social values, revision of media suitable for viewers through recommendations for producers and censor board. Media needs to be aware of the effects caused by their negligence and the inactive censor board. Nudity and violent footages, dramas and soaps exploiting and distracting the youth, scenes containing smoking and drinking shots, spreading wrong news before time and usage of copyrighted footage without permission should be stopped. One whole generation of the world is learning from electronic media and has learnt entirely immoral and incorrect information. This needs to be prevented in order to save next generations. Recommendations are given by interviewing executive producers, censor board executives and other directors. Executive Summary Electronic media has forgotten Ethics and Social values, revision of media suitable for viewers through recommendations for producers and censor board. Media needs to be aware of the effects caused by their negligence and the inactive censor board. Nudity and violent footages, dramas and soaps exploiting and distracting the youth, scenes containing smoking and drinking shots, spreading wrong news before time and usage of copyrighted footage without permission should be stopped. One whole generation of the world is learning from electronic media and has learnt entirely immoral and incorrect information. This needs to be prevented in order to save next generations. Youth is easily deceived, because it is quick to hope. Aristotle The youth is getting the wrong path by the use of this E-Media. Our main aim is to protect our youth from the dangerous effects of E-Media. In E-media we will target specifically the TV media which is accessible by the whole family especially the youth. Further in youth TV is mostly watched by the women of the family. These effects are either caused intentionally or by the negligence of E-media personals. Intentional effects are either for the promotion of their channels. The E-Media personals are displaying the unethical dramas, either the stories are distracting the youth or the scenes of the drama are disturbing and unethical. They provoke the female and male relationships which are considered unethical in our society. Most of the dramas and soaps are based on love stories and relations of married women with young guys. Some TV shows are provoking aggressiveness in our youth. We will mention a program of ARY MUSIK named LIVING ON THE EDGE. This program consists of unethical, immoral and non islamic dares given to the youth of Pakistan. That is done to provoke aggressiveness and to bring our youth to the level of the unethical youths of western countries. He is trying to copy the programs like FEAR FACTOR, RHOADIES etc. Similarly the E-Media personals are provoking nudity. Either that nudity is in full form or half nudity. We use the term half nudity for the scenes in which women or men are wearing inislamic clothes. Wearing sleeveless, wearing Capri, uncovered hair, uncovered belly etc is completely inislamic. Hereby we will mention some channels that have bought the licenses of western movie channels and are showing scenes containing kisses and some other unethical scenes. Channels are ARY DIGITAL who has recently bought license of HBO. Plus there are our cable operators who are showing unethical channels at midnight and at day time. Research methodology is based on interviews and questionnaire. Interviews are conducted from the media personals which include producers, directors, editors and executive producers of different TV channels. And questionnaires are floated among general public to gather their views about todays E-Media. Majority of the people have opposed medias current role. They want it to be made better by some central body. They want the media to be unbiased, responsible and correct. More entertainment channels should be introduced and number of news channels should be decreased as they are creating hypertension. Infotainment quota should be increased. Programs provoking aggression should be banned. Media should not be biased. Producers should show the real culture of our society. Channels should register their ratings. Channel owners involved in unethical and immoral airing should be penalized. Censor board should be made active. Censor board should penalize the parties distracting the youth. Censor board should take strict notice of the cable operators. E-Media is a very important sector of Pakistan. Along with the advantages of E-Media there are many disadvantages. These disadvantages should be eliminated and E-Media should be utilized to its best. Pakistans E-Media has all the capacity to be among the best. Hence everything is up to censor board. It should be made active and should be given the authority of penalizing and banning. It should take a serious notice of all the activities carried out by the E-media personals. INTRODUCTION Electronic Media Electronic media are that utilize electronics or electromechanical energy for the end user (audience) to access the content. This is in contrast to static media (mainly print media), which are most often created electronically, but dont require electronics to be accessed by the end user in the printed form. The primary electronic media sources familiar to the general public are better known as video recordings, audio recordings, multimedia presentations, slide presentations, CD-ROM and Online Content. Most new media are in the form of digital media. However, electronic media may be in either analog or digital format. Devices such as televisions, computers and cd-roms that make information available to people. Importance In October 2003, the British humanitarian organization Christian Aid released a report that $4 billion in Iraqi funds, which had been earmarked for reconstruction of the country, had disappeared. The Coalition Provision Authority (CPA), the U.S. controlled body that ruled Iraq at the time, was relegated with handling that money. An examination of financial records between June 2003 and October 2004 showed poor bookkeeping and investigators found indicators of potential fraud, the report said At the time, the CPA vigorously denied the accusations. By June 2004, the amount of money gone missing had more than doubled from four to almost nine billion dollars. This story was reported with minimal coverage when the announcement was first released. As the investigation progressed, the story of the missing billions was reported several times during the summer months of 2004 and again in January 2005. However, it was never given prominence in any news medium. The writers at Faithful Progressive called it the biggest and single most under-reported story of the last year. News Media and Democracy In a democracy an informed public is of critical importance. In matters regarding the self-interests of the citizenry and of the nation as a whole, knowledge is key in making decisions regarding participation in the process of democracy. Indeed, failing to report important news, or reporting news shallowly, inaccurately, or unfairly can leave people dangerously uninformed. The mass media of today has tremendous power within society. What and how information is distributed can have indelible consequences for individuals and society as a whole. As such, control of media outlets is regarded as a valued form of property for those seeking political or economic power. Among other sources of power, it is important to note that mass media has the ability to: attract and direct attention to problems, solutions, or people that can favor those with power; it can confer status and confirm legitimacy; it can be a channel for persuasion and mobilization (Graber, 33). This represents an incredible amount of power, and over the past twenty years or so, people have taken control over these outlets for the sole purpose of attaining both political and economic power. International In the United States, there are three twenty-four hour news networks. President Bill Clinton stated it well in a response to the question of the condition of todays media. He stated, The thing I worry about most is that people will have all the information in the world but wont have any way of evaluating itThats what I consider to be the most significant challenge presented to all of you by the explosion of media outlets in the Information Age. COMPARISON WITH PRINT MEDIA Illiteracy According to United Nations report Pakistan has 55% literacy rate. This makes it 160th country in world. Because of low literacy rate people cannot read the printed news. This gives an edge to electronic media over print media. Media of future Electronic Media has a clear edge over print media even if new media (for eg. The Internet) is not included in it. Print media is more of a habit with people and still caters to a sizeable population. But electronic media offers a lot of choice to the people, especially to the youth (GEN Y), the largest growing segment of our population and more importantly, has the ability to maintain the pace at which the preferences and demands of the Gen Y changes. The shrinking readership of the print publications perhaps is testimony to the changing media consumption pattern of the people today. Although we dont see an immediate threat to the print media, more so because it is a centuries old media, yet we believe it definitely is not the media of the future. Moreover, electronic media is visually more appealing and more effective in not only conveying a message but by virtue of being a frequency medium, is also effective in registering it, thus ensuring high brand recall amongst viewers poten tial customers. For the advertisers and advertising agencies, it provides exciting opportunities to experiment with new and innovative ideas which reduces the medias dependence on traditional source Which is best? It depends on which area you are in. In rural areas, where there is no technology, print is better, but for the urban areas, electronic media are the best. Print media was supposed to have died 10 years ago, but that has not happened. In terms of mobility and cost print media is better than electronic media. But in terms of speed, coverage and reliability, electronic media are the best. Newspaper is no longer essential, while attending the usual morning business, in the toilet. Laptop is the in thing; one can browse as many e-papers as desired. IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM New technology has many social and educational benefits but caregivers and educators have expressed concern about the dangers young people can be exposed to through these technologies. To respond to this concern, some states and school districts have, for example, established policies about the use of cell phones on school grounds and developed policies to block access to certain websites on school computers. Many teachers and caregivers have taken action individually by spot-checking websites used by young people, such as FACEBOOK, YOUTUBE. This brief focuses on the phenomena of electronic aggression: any kind of aggression perpetrated through technology-any type of harassment or bullying (teasing, telling lies, making fun of someone, making rude or mean comments, spreading rumors, or making threatening or aggressive comments) that occurs through email, a chat room, instant messaging, a website (including blogs), or text messaging. Youth is easily deceived, because it is quick to hope. Aristotle The youth is getting the wrong path by the use of this E-Media. Our main aim is to protect our youth from the dangerous effects of E-Media. In E-media we will target specifically the TV media which is accessible by the whole family especially the youth. Further in youth TV is mostly watched by the women of the family. These effects are either caused intentionally or by the negligence of E-media personals. Intentional effects are either for the promotion of their channels. The E-Media personals are displaying the unethical dramas, either the stories are distracting the youth or the scenes of the drama are disturbing and unethical. They provoke the female and male relationships which are considered unethical in our society. Most of the dramas and soaps are based on love stories and relations of married women with young guys. Some TV shows are provoking aggressiveness in our youth. We will mention a program of ARY MUSIK named LIVING ON THE EDGE. This program consists of unethical, immoral and non islamic dares given to the youth of Pakistan. That is done to provoke aggressiveness and to bring our youth to the level of the unethical youths of western countries. He is trying to copy the programs like FEAR FACTOR, RHOADIES etc. Similarly the E-Media personals are provoking nudity. Either that nudity is in full form or half nudity. We use the term half nudity for the scenes in which women or men are wearing inislamic clothes. Wearing sleeveless, wearing Capri, uncovered hair, uncovered belly etc is completely inislamic. Hereby we will mention some channels that have bought the licenses of western movie channels and are showing scenes containing kisses and some other unethical scenes. Channels are ARY DIGITAL who has recently bought license of HBO. Plus there are our cable operators who are showing unethical channels at midnight and at day time. Smoking scenes also provoke the drug addiction in youth. Previously the ads of cigarettes were banned in order to decrease the percentage of people converting to addiction. But now these smoking scenes are consistently being shown in many dramas and shows. When a youngster watches his favorite actor smoking in a TV drama and performing stunts or having lots of girlfriends because of that cigarette then that youngster follows him. Same is the case with scenes containing alcohol and beer. Violent footages are also disturbing for the youth. We see many Indian movies which are showing scenes of fights which are followed by the youngsters. Same is happening here these days all the boys are found to be fighting with each other. They think they are living in their ideal movie and they are the heroes. Wrestling and cartoons are watched by the children and they try to implement that in their real life often damaging either themselves or some other member of family. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROBLEM Before examining the state of the news media in todays society, it is important to define what good reporting of news should be. Doris A. Graber, in her book Media Power in Politics, thinks it important to distinguish between news and truth. The function of news is to signalize an event. The function of truth is to bring to light the hidden facts, to set them into relation with each other, and make a picture of reality upon which men can act (Graber, 41). News dissemination, whether through radio broadcast, newspaper articles, or a web site posting, should perform both functions in order to truly inform. Good news can affect society in positive ways. Determined, sweeping coverage of important topics can improve local communities, rid government of improper public officials, save lives, and so many other things. Reporting events and uncovering truths is critical for the news media to perform its function. Media is the pillar of a society. Television is a vital source from which most people receive information. News and media delegates on television have abused their powers over society through the airing of appealing news shows that misinform the public. Through literary research and experimentation, it has been proven that peoples perception of reality has been altered by the information they receive from such programs. Manipulation, misinterpretation, word arrangement, picture placement and timing are all factors and tricks that play a major role in the case. Research, experimentation, and actual media coverage has pinpointed actual methods used for deceptive advertising. Television influences society in many ways. People are easily swayed to accept a belief that they may not normally have unless expressed on television, since many people think that everything they hear on television is true. This, however, is not always the case. It has been observed that over the past twenty to th irty years, normal social behavior, even actual life roles of men and women and media, regulatory policies have all been altered. Media has changed with time, along with quality and respectability. Many people receive and accept false information that is merely used as an attention grabber that better the shows ratings and popularity. This involves sensationalizing a story to make it more interesting, therefore increasing the interest of the audience. People often know that these shows aim to deceive them, but still accept the information as truth. The E-media has severely damaged our youth and provided them with altered and incorrect information. Thus one whole youth of Pakistan is having incorrect information and has inaccurate knowledge which not only is damage for them but for the whole generations which are to come. Following quotes represent the significance of youth; Youth is the trustee of prosperity. Benjamin Disraeli Almost everything that is great has been done by youth. Benjamin Disraeli RESEARCH METHODOLOGY TO BE USED Research methodology is based on interviews and questionnaire. Interviews are conducted from the media personals which include producers, directors, editors and executive producers of different TV channels. And questionnaires are floated among general public to gather their views about todays E-Media. Questionnaire is attached below while the list of interviewees is written below. Executive Producers Hammad Ghaznavi WAQT TV Rukhsana Noor Programs Manager WAQT TV Shah Bilal Programs Manager ATV Arooj Samdhani DUNIYA TV Producers Ahson Tirmazi DUNIYA TV Irfan Asghar DUNIYA TV Farrukh Tango GEO TV Noman Saeed ATV Munawwar Butt ATV Editors Usman Warraich Editor ATV Basit Javed Editor DAWN NEWS FINDINGS RECOMMENDATIONS By conducting the full report and analyzing the findings following recommendations are given; More entertainment channels should be introduced and number of news channels should be decreased as they are creating hypertension. Infotainment quota should be increased. Programs provoking aggression should be banned. Media should not be biased. Producers should show the real culture of our society. Channels should register their ratings. Channel owners involved in unethical and immoral airing should be penalized. Censor board should be made active. Censor board should penalize the parties distracting the youth. Censor board should take strict notice of the cable operators. CONCLUSION E-Media is a very important sector of Pakistan. Along with the advantages of E-Media there are many disadvantages. These disadvantages should be eliminated and E-Media should be utilized to its best. Pakistans E-Media has all the capacity to be among the best. Hence everything is up to censor board. It should be made active and should be given the authority of penalizing and banning. It should take a serious notice of all the activities carried out by the E-media personals.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

River Phoenix - My Favorite Famous Person :: essays research papers

Do you like to see the movies? Do you know the most handsome boy in Hollywood? Though the handsome boy that everyone thinks can be different , I think that River Phoenix is the movie star who is just the right man who sparkled in Hollywood even if he doesn’t exist in this world and there are a large number of actors and they appear in the future. Why he is famous is because of his too early death and because he played brilliant roles in many movies for his short life. When I saw his movie for the first time, I’ve got crush on him. I think that he had something special which appeal to us. At first, his background is interesting. He was born on August 23, 1970 in a small house in Oregon. He was firstborn child of five children. During his childhood, his parents joined a cult known as the children of God and traveled extensively until when they heard disturbing news about the leader. Since then, as they weren’t protected by the church any more and were in a desperate struggle to make ends meet, River, at age five, often sang and played music in the streets to earn the money. In the early morning of October 31, 1993, River took a lethal dose of a mix of drugs and died on the sidewalk outside. He was only 23 years old. Second, he achieved success in many movies and received many awards. At the age of 10, he started to play on TV shows and his first appearing in film is â€Å"Explorers† in 1985. The next movie which is most famous of his movies and led him to be a star is â€Å"Stand By Me†. The story is about four boys’ journey to find the body missing. He was cast as Chris Chambers. He got a lot of acclaim for his acting and the movie was the hit of the year. Through this movie, everyone knew that he would be one of the best actors of his generation. In closing, I believe that he is still one of the best actors and the most attractive actor because he left the fabulous movies and there are many fans who are fascinated with him.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Effect Of Client Choice Therapist Health And Social Care Essay

It is estimated that 11 % of consumers of outpatient mental wellness services and 19 % of inpatient mental wellness consumers meet standards for Borderline Personality Disorder ( BPD ) , and of persons run intoing clinical standards for a personality upset, 33 % of outpatient and 66 % of inpatient persons appear to run into standards for the Borderline status ( Linehan, 1993a ) . The Borderline status is characterized by â€Å" a permeant form of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early maturity and nowadays in a assortment of contexts † ( American Psychological Association, 1994. P. 280 ) . To to the full run into standards for BPD, an single must expose this form in at least five of nine countries. One of the standards for diagnosing of the Borderline status is perennial self-destructive behaviour, gestures or menaces or self-mutilating behaviours and there is a reasonably big subgroup of persons with BPD who engage in these parasuicidal behaviours. Marsha Linehan developed Dialectical Behavior Therapy ( DBT ) in an attempt to assist these persons learn to modulate their emotions and cut down suicidal and parasuicidal behaviours. Dialectic Behavior Therapy is an evidence-based pattern that has been used efficaciously to handle persons with BPD and is deriving popularity in the psychiatric community. DBT intervention is comprised of both single therapy and hebdomadal accomplishments groups ( Scheel, 2000 ; Linehan, 1993a ) . DBT is focused on the thought that many of the troubles faced by persons with BPD root from an person ‘s inability to efficaciously modulate their emotions. Linehan ‘s biosocial theory provinces that persons with the Borderline status had early experiences with societal environments that were annuling which hampered their ability to efficaciously pull off and cover with feelings of intense emotions ( Linehan, 1993a ; Scheel, 2001 ; Crowell, Beauchaine, & A ; Linehan, 2009 ) . DBT pulls from many different schools of thought including client-centered, psychodynamic, and gestalt and besides mixes in constructs from Eastern and Zen doctrines. At its nucleus is the dialectic of cre dence and alteration and happening a balance between the two is the ultimate end to reconstructing map. In traditional DBT intervention the relationship between the healer and the client is a larger focal point than what would be traditionally found in other cognitive behavioural therapies ( Scheel, 2001 ) . DBT intervention consists of hebdomadal groups accomplishments developing in faculties such as heedfulness, interpersonal effectivity, emotion ordinance and hurt tolerance, hebdomadal person therapy with a DBT trained healer, and telephone conversations between the client and healer as needed ( McKay, Wood, & A ; Brantley, 2007 ; Sheel, 2001 ) . Individual DBT therapy Sessionss address three prioritized intervention marks: self-destructive behaviours, therapy interfering behaviours and increasing accomplishment development ( Shell, 2001 ) . In add-on to the supports available to clients, there is a hebdomadal audience meeting for healers supplying DBT intervention. The intent of this group is to supply healers supplying DBT intervention a topographic point to portion experiences, solicit feedback from their equal group and serve as a manner to assist the healer maintain the non-judgmental attack that is required of DBT intervention ( Scheel, 2001 ) . While research has shown DBT to be effectual in cut downing the parasuicidal behaviours of clients with BPD, the thought that a client will hold to go forth their pre-established relationship with a current intervention squad in order to come in into intervention with a DBT trained healer may ensue in people non come ining into this intervention. St. Luke ‘s House, Inc. a public mental wellness bureau in Montgomery County Maryland, operates a residential group place for adult females with BPD. This place utilizes DBT therapy in both the residential and the outpatient mental wellness scene. A ground frequently cited by consumers for non come ining into this plan is the involuntariness to go forth their current intervention squad. This research proposal will analyze the effects on intervention efficaciousness of DBT intervention when clients are allowed to keep a curative relationship with a non-DBT trained intervention squad while take parting in hebdomadal DBT accomplishments g roup. Literature Review A reappraisal of the bing literature of client pick in intervention and Dialectical Behavior Therapy revealed some important findings every bit good as some spreads in bing research. Client Choice In finishing a hunt utilizing several databases including PSYCHINFO, EBSCO, Psychology and Behavior and ERIC there were really few published surveies that examined the function client pick played in intervention effectivity and results. Of the consequences returned, the most recent published survey was in 1988 analyzing the principle and deductions of client pick of healers. Interestingly the research demonstrates clearly that leting clients to take their preferable method of therapy and preferable healer neither addition or diminish intervention efficaciousness, showing that at its worst, client pick would ensue in every bit effectual intervention results ( Ersner-Hershfield, Abramowitz, & A ; Baren, 1979 ; Manthei, 1983: Manthei, 1988 ; Manthei, Vitalo, & A ; Ivey, 1982 ) . Additionally, Ersner-Hershfield et Al. demonstrated that a higher per centum ( 71 % ) of persons who were allowed to take their healer really showed up for their first assignment compared to persons who were ass igned ( 45 % ) . Studies into the function of fiting clients with their preferable therapy mode in therapy have besides pointed to a defect in the system in that frequently the matching is done by the clinic and non the client ( Manthi et al. ) . Manthei et Al. investigated the effects of client pick of healer on therapy results by comparing results between a group of clients who chose their healer and two other groups of clients who were assigned healers by a clinical manager. The survey did non give consequences that demonstrated better results for persons who chose their healer, but the informations did non demo statistically important poorer results for this group, bespeaking that leting a client to take their healer would non in itself pose a hazard to intervention effectivity. While there is small informations to demo that intervention results are increased with client pick of healer or therapy, the information does show that clients who play at least a little function in taki ng their healer or therapy, have more positive feelings about their healers, stay in therapy thirster and were by and large more satisfied with therapy ( Manthei, 1988 ) . There have been suggestions to supply clients with information about available options and allow them take which they would wish to take part in ( Manthei, 1988 ) . The function of consumer pick in intervention is consistent with grounds based best patterns and current Social Work values focused on liberty and farther research in this country is indispensable. DBT Therapy Since its origin Dialectical Behavior Therapy intervention has been deriving widespread attending as an grounds based best pattern in the intervention of self-destruction efforts and self-injurious behaviours among persons diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. DBT was developed in response to the trouble handling chronic sociality and self-injurious behaviours in adult females with BPD in traditional intervention scenes. It was designed to be an outpatient intervention comprised of four major constituents: 1 ) single psychotherapeutics hebdomadally 2 ) group skills developing hebdomadally 3 ) telephone audience with the healer as needed and 4 ) hebdomadal audience squad meetings for the healers and accomplishments group leaders ( Linehan, et al. , 2006 ; Soler, et al. , 2009 ; Chen, Matthews, Allen, Kuo, J. R. ; Linehan, M. M. , 2007 ) . Of the four surveies reviewed, three demonstrated important decrease in self-injurious behaviours and self-destruction efforts ( Bohus, et al. , 2004 ; & A ; Linehan, et al. , 2006 ) among other cardinal standards of BPD. Carter, Willcox, Lewin, Conrad, and Bendit ( 2010 ) note several grounds they were likely unable to retroflex old findings including deficiency of equal preparation in DBT methods, low attachment to DBT techniques and methodological differences in measuring. Additionally, Carter et Al. identified a shorter continuance ( 6 months vs. 12 months ) of intervention as a possible factor though Bohus et Al. demonstrated effectivity in three months of inpatient intervention. Overwhelmingly the research points to the effectivity of the DBT theoretical account in cut downing suicide efforts and self-injurious behaviours among persons diagnosed with BPD. There have been limited randomised surveies to analyze the effectivity of inmate DBT compared to the traditional outpatient DBT theoretical account and farther research is needed in this country, including follow-up with patients who received inpatient DBT and non-DBT outpatient intervention following discharge. Adaptations With the documented success of DBT intervention with persons diagnosed with BPD, human service suppliers of course sought to spread out the application to other diagnostic groups and populations and experienced varied consequence. DBT intervention has been expanded and modified for the intervention of binge-eating upsets and binge-eating syndrome nervosa ( Chen, et al. , 2008 ; Safer, Robinson, & A ; Jo, 2010 ) , victims of domestic maltreatment ( Iverson, Shenk, & A ; Fruzzetti, 2009 ) , aggression in correctional scenes ( Shelton, Sampl, Kesten, Zhang, Trestman, 2009 ) , adolescent populations ( Wasser, Tyler, McIlhaney, Taplin, Henderson, 2008 ) , post traumatic emphasis upset ( Wagner, Rizvi, & A ; Harned, 2007 ) , and opprobrious behaviour ( Waltz, 2003 ) to call a few. Adaptations of DBT to these populations have non examined the function of client pick of healer in intervention and all modified intervention while keeping the doctrine of DBT single therapy. The surveies replica ted old findings in that mark behaviours were significantly reduced utilizing the DBT theoretical account which included accomplishments group weekly in add-on to single therapy. Across the board the literature pointed to significantly lower drop-out rates among the groups having some signifier of DBT intervention. While traditional DBT intervention stopping points for 12 months, Chen et Al. ( 2008 ) limited the intervention continuance to 6 months but were able to show effectivity during that clip period. Other versions to the traditional theoretical account of DBT intervention include the usage of group merely over the class of 12 hebdomads ( Iverson et al. , 2009 ) with no single therapy, and the comparing of DBT accomplishments preparation and standard group therapy ( Soler, et al. , 2009 ) which is important to this research proposal because it demonstrates the effectivity of implementing DBT in a group scene. Shelton et Al. ( 2009 ) found that 16-weeks of DBT intervention significantly reduced aggression in correctional scenes instantly following intervention and at 6 and 12 month follow-ups. Although traditional DBT intervention has been focused on grownups chiefly due to the standards of BPD necessitating an person to be of big age, some versions have been made to implement this intervention with striplings with some success ( Wasser, et al. , 2008 ) . Wasser et Al. compared the usage of DBT intervention to standard curative surroundings in a residential scene. While the consequences were non every bit important as in other surveies, DBT was found to be more effectual at handling depressive symptoms in the young person. These surveies all point to successful versions of the traditional DBT theoretical account. Critique and Future Research The literature reviewed demonstrated that DBT, even in an altered signifier is an effectual intervention attack for cut downing parasuicidal behaviours in persons with BPD, every bit good as turn toing mark behaviours in other populations. There is farther research needed in the country of client pick in therapy effectivity and results. While some versions have been made to the mark population of DBT intervention, small attending has been paid to the function of client pick of healer in DBT intervention. This research proposal hypothesizes that utilizing a non-DBT trained healer will be every bit as effectual in cut downing suicide efforts and self-injurious behaviours as utilizing a DBT trained healer when combined with hebdomadal DBT accomplishments group. Further surveies into the effectivity of client pick in healer are needed and merely more controlled experiments will increase the organic structure of cognition in an attempt to do DBT intervention more widely accepted and available to persons enduring with dysregulated emotions and sing parasuicidal behaviours. Methods Research Design This research proposal will utilize a authoritative experiment design and will use the Suicide Attempt and Self-Injury Interview ( SASII ) to the control and experimental groups as a pre- and post-test step of self-destruction efforts and self-injurious behaviours. The hypothesis of this research proposal will be tested by comparing the post-tests between the experimental and control groups at the terminal of the survey. The survey will be conducted at both the Bethesda and Silver Spring outpatient mental wellness clinics of St. Luke ‘s House, Inc. in Montgomery County, Maryland. In this survey the control group will have traditional DBT intervention including single therapy by a DBT trained healer, and the experimental group will go on therapy with the intervention squad they have a preexistent relationship with. Both groups will have hebdomadal DBT accomplishments group and no group will hold single therapy Sessionss terminated as portion of this survey. Assignment to the control and experimental group will be done utilizing random assignment and barricading to guarantee that the groups are every bit indistinguishable as possible. Participant blocks will be determined by tonss on the SASII and separated by high and low tonss so that there is an every bit equal as possible representation of scope in parasuicidal behaviours in both groups. Participants in each block will be indiscriminately assigned to the control and experimental groups. Following the assignment into control and experimental groups, the survey participants will so be indiscriminately assigned to one of four accomplishments groups sing that the control and experimental groups are every bit consistent as possible. Because this research proposal uses a authoritative experimental design, menaces to internal cogency will be minimized and should non show a job with generalising the findings ( Montte, Sullivan, & A ; DeJong, 2008 ) . The survey will dwell of field experiments, as the intervention will be conducted in traditional curative scenes and group skill developing groups will take topographic point at the clinics so hazards to external cogency that might originate from the experimental scene will be addressed. There is some hazard of reactive effects of proving due to the pre-test at the beginning of the survey and in an attempt to turn to the hazard of an unrepresentative sample, barricading and tracking abrasion Numberss for both groups will be completed. Ultimately external cogency could be solidified through reproduction of the survey over clip and with different populations ( Monette et al. , 2008 ) . Sampling The proposed research survey will utilize 50 survey participants each of whom will be consumers of mental wellness services in Montgomery County, Maryland. One half of the participants ( n=25 ) will be assigned to the control group and one half will be assigned to the experimental group. Persons who meet study standards described below will be recruited from community mental wellness centres in Montgomery County Maryland and referred to the survey by a accredited mental wellness professional. As portion of the enlisting scheme, persons will be informed of the constituents of DBT intervention and accomplishments groups and will be informed of the nature of the research survey. Persons will be given information sing referral to the survey to supply their single healer if they are interested in take parting in the survey. Persons will be assured of namelessness, be provided with transcripts of the HIPPA processs and informed that engagement is voluntary. Persons will be informed that wh ile assignment to the control and experimental groups will be done by random assignment, all participants will have DBT accomplishments developing groups hebdomadally. Study participants will have no compensation for take parting in the survey other than the services provided and will be informed that they can drop out of the survey at any clip for any ground. Persons between the ages of 18-35 who meet DSMIV-TR standards for Borderline Personality Disorder and have a history of at least 2 suicide efforts within the last 5 old ages and a history of at least 3 or more inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations per twelvemonth will be considered for the survey. Exclusion standards for this survey include mandated intervention, co-existing idea upset, substance maltreatment upset, mental deceleration or any ictus upset necessitating medicine or ongoing monitoring. The exclusion standards are of import in this survey to guarantee the voluntary engagement of persons in the survey and to protect against the immaterial variables that might be related to medicine for ictus upset such as Depakote, which has besides been used as a temper stabilizer and has the possible to skew the consequences of the experiment. The research squad will utilize instance histories, written referrals from accredited clinicians, medical records and history, and a condemnable background cheque to verify eligibility for the survey. The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence will be used to govern out mental deceleration. Study Procedure The intent of this survey is to prove the effectivity of DBT accomplishments group as a auxiliary intervention mode to non-DBT single therapy. Traditional DBT intervention requires persons to suspend bing relationships with healers and head-shrinkers who are non trained in DBT intervention. This research survey proposes to analyze the consequence on intervention effectivity of leting consumers to keep relationships with a intervention squad that is non trained in DBT. Prior to the survey, two clinicians from St. Luke ‘s House will be selected and become certified to present DBT therapy. Prerequisites for enfranchisement as a DBT healer include a professional grade, province licence or tantamount and preparation in DBT as outlined in Appendix A. Additionally the enfranchisement procedure consists of a written and unwritten test to measure the appliers apprehension of the DBT doctrine and constituents and to verify the person ‘s ability to efficaciously supply the intervent ion ( DBT Certification and Accreditation, 2009 ) . In add-on to the two DBT certified healers, four staff members will be trained in facilitation the DBT accomplishments groups. Due to the strength of the accomplishments groups, the size of each group will be limited to a upper limit of 13 participants in each group and participants will be indiscriminately assigned to a accomplishments group from the control and experimental groups. These four facilitators will supply the hebdomadal accomplishments developing groups for all survey participants. Groups will be held at a set clip each hebdomad for 12 months and engagement will be compulsory. Participants who fail to go to at least 75 % of the accomplishments groups will be excluded from the research information as the effectivity of accomplishments group will non be able to be measured due to miss of engagement. Prior to entry into the survey, participants will be administered the SASII by their single healer. Instruction manuals for administrating and hiting the SASII will be provided to each healer prior to the execution of the survey. As participants either leave the accomplishments groups due to attrition or finish the rhythm of modes, the SASII will be administered once more and consequences will be compared to the tonss at admittance. The figure of accomplishments groups attended will be reported on the post-tests as good particularly in instances of abrasion so that the research workers can measure whether abrasion rates for either of the groups could hold an consequence on the consequences ( Monette, et al. , 2008 ) . Study Variables and Measurements The independent variable in this research proposal is the type of therapy the single receives. This variable will be measured nominally as either DBT trained healer ( command group ) or non-DBT trained healer ( experimental group ) . Each group will have one hr of single therapy and 2 hours of group accomplishments developing hebdomadally. Each of the accomplishments groups will follow the theoretical account outlined by Linehan ( 1993b ) and use the same accomplishments manual, prep and schoolroom assignments. The dependant variable in this survey is the effectivity of non-DBT trained healers combined with hebdomadal accomplishments group on cut downing parasuicidal behaviours and will be measured utilizing the Suicide Attempt Self-Injury Interview ( SASII ) . The SASII ( once the Parasuicidal History Interview ) looks at a assortment of factors related to both suicide effort and self-injurious behaviour. This step was rated as first-class in inter-rater dependability, and test-retest dependability, good in footings of concept cogency, and received a evaluation of adequate in the classs of content cogency and cogency generalisation ( Hunsley & A ; Mash, 2008 ) . The SASII is a 42-item step administered by a non-medical professional and is often used in surveies of persons with boundary line personality upset who display frequent self-destruction efforts or self-injurious behaviours ( Hunsley & A ; Mash, 2008 ; Linehan, Comtois, Brown, Heard, & A ; Wagner, 2006 ) . The major variables in th is step include frequence of self-injurious behaviours, particulars and deadliness of the method used, badness of any physical effects ensuing from the self-injurious behaviours and medical intervention received ( Linehan, Comtois, et al. , 2006 ) . In footings of dependability, the four graduated tables have been shown to be internally efficient with alpha coefficients runing from.64 to.86 and this step has an overall inter-rater dependability of.80 ( Brown, n.d. ; Hunsley & A ; Mash, 2008 ; Linehan, Comtois, et al. , 2006 ) . Cogency of this step was tested in a assortment of ways, most notably in the evaluations of method, deadliness and subsequent physical status. The SASII was designed to be administered by non-medical professionals and dependability between these interviewers and medical professionals was paramount. The measuring achieved.85 dependability coefficiency for deadliness of the method used and.93 for physical status following the event ( Linehan, Comtois, et al. ) . Additionally, the cogency of frequence counts ranged from 72 % to 86 % % when compared to clinical records ( Brown, n.d. ) . The standard version of the SASII will necessitate a drawn-out interview and there is a short version available every bit go od and is included in Appendix A. Datas Analysis Pre and Post trial tonss for each participant will be calculated and reviewed by the research squad. Statistical analysis will be completed utilizing SPSS for Windows and the hypothesis will be tested by utilizing a t-test to compare the average SASII tonss of the experimental and control groups. Because merely two variables are being compared, bivariate statistics will be used to depict the relationship between the dependant variable and the independent variable. IRB Approval In order to obtain blessing from the UMB Institutional Review Board the research squad will finish the IRB initial application which includes a 200 word abstract sketching the intent of the research undertaking, designation, features and figure of the topics in the survey, the research procedures including transcripts of the SASII, an overview of possible hazards and benefits to the research subjects, guidelines for keeping confidentiality and obtaining informed consent and a reappraisal of the usage of protected wellness information ( Institutional Review Board, n.d. ) . A modified version of the research proposal worksheet completed for this assignment could run into these demands. Review This proposal has a figure of strengths and as a consequence has the possible to convey forth important consequences. The survey has an ample and manageable sample size and the usage of barricading, random assignment provides the best chance to hold homogenous control and experimental groups. There is a high potency to deduce a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables because the survey was designed as a authoritative experiment. Because of the experimental design, menaces to internal cogency are besides virtually eliminated with the exclusion of abrasion which will be discussed as a possible restriction to this survey ( Monette, et al. , 2008 ) . While there are a figure of strengths with this survey, there are besides several restrictions that need to be considered. This will be a reasonably drawn-out and dearly-won survey to transport out. The costs of developing two healers in DBT and four group skills leaders will be important. Additionally, traditional DBT intervention typically requires attending of accomplishments groups hebdomadally for the first 12-months, and while abrasion rates in DBT therapy tend to be lower ( Linehan, Comtois, et al. , 2006 ; Carter, et al. , 2010 ; Soler, et al. , 2009 ) , there is still a important hazard that abrasion will be a job long-run which will necessitate to be tracked, monitored and reported on continuously. There are other immaterial variables that have non been addressed in this research proposal. The background, preparation and experience of the single healers for the experimental group is unknown and since the hypothesis rests on an single being able to keep intervention with the supplier of pick, there is no manner to turn to this or to mensurate it beyond study of the healer. The possibility of reactiveness to pre and post testing does be and a Solomon experimental group was considered for this proposal, nevertheless it was of import to estimate the alteration in frequence and strength of parasuicidal behaviours so a baseline step was needed on all groups which precluded the usage of the Solomon 4-group design. The step chosen to measure outcomes has low prognostic cogency ( Hunsley & A ; Mash, 2008 ) so the ability to foretell future episodes of self-destruction efforts and self-injury is low. Future surveies in this country should utilize steps with some prognostic cogency as good which could dramatically better the significance and utility of the findings. Significance and Deductions The importance of this survey for progressing the field of Social Work and impacting the lives of persons who experience self-injurious behaviours is apparent. The proposed survey has the possible to add to the cognition base of the impact of client pick of therapy on intervention effectivity and if it is able to be replicated and applied to different populations a major barrier to the execution of DBT intervention could be reduced. This survey has the possible to open DBT intervention up to many persons who would otherwise non see it because they would hold to go forth their current supplier. This survey besides has the possible to offer single healers a auxiliary intervention in accomplishment development to help their clients with deriving the accomplishments needed to get down to larn to modulate their emotions without fall backing to self-injurious behaviours. On a more macro degree, community plans could get down to offer DBT accomplishments groups as a addendum to traditional outpatient patterns and because the intervention is done in a group format, the disbursals would be lower in footings of staff clip and resource allotment compared to hourly single Sessionss each hebdomad. As demonstrated in the research, supplying clients picks in intervention will finally take to greater satisfaction on the portion of the client, lower no-show rates and higher overall keeping of clients than mandating that a client leave their current supplier in order to have the group skills preparation offered through outpatient DBT accomplishments groups. From a policy point of view, mental wellness policy could be affected in footings of stressing client pick more in intervention options. Current policy tendencies are focused on autonomous attention and recovery based rules and by showing that consumer pick in healer has an at least equal consequence on intervention results could back up policy alteration to reflect a greater accent on pick.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Guide to Map Reading for Beginners

Guide to Map Reading for Beginners In an age when mapping apps are commonplace, you may think that learning how to read a paper map is an obsolete skill. But if you enjoy hiking, camping, exploring the wilderness, or other outdoor activities, a good road or  topographic map is your still best friend. Unlike cell phones and GPS devices, there are no signals to lose or batteries to change with a paper map, making them far more reliable. This guide will introduce you to the basic elements of a map. Legend Cartographers, who design maps, use symbols to represent the different elements used. The legend, sometimes called a key, tells you how to interpret a maps symbols.  For instance, a square with a flag on top usually represents a school, and a dashed line represents a border. Note, however, that map symbols used in the United States are often used for different things in other countries. The symbol for a secondary highway used on a United States Geological Survey topographic map represents a railroad on Swiss maps. Title A maps title will tell you at a glance what the map is depicting. If youre looking at a road map of Utah, for example, you would expect to see interstate and state highways, plus major local roadways across the state. A USGS geological map, on the other hand, will depict specific scientific data for a region, such as groundwater supplies for a city. Regardless of the type of map youre using, it will have a title. Orientation A map isnt very useful if you dont know where you are relative to your position on it. Most cartographers align their maps so that the top of the page represents north and use a small arrow-shaped icon with an N beneath it to point you in the right direction. Some maps, such as topographic maps, will point to true north (the North Pole) and to magnetic north (where your compass points, to northern Canada). More elaborate maps may include a compass rose, depicting all four cardinal directions (north, south, east, west). Scale A life-sized map would be impossibly large. Instead, cartographers use ratios to reduce a mapped region to a manageable size. The maps scale will tell you what ratio is being used or, more commonly, depict a given distance as the equivalent of a measurement, such as 1 inch representing 100 miles.  Ã‚   Other Elements Just as there are many types of color maps, there are also many different color schemes used by cartographers. The map user should look to the legend for an explanation of colors on a map.   Elevation, for example, is often represented as a sequence of dark greens (low elevation or even below sea level) to browns (hills) to white or gray (highest elevation). A neatline is the border of a map. It helps to define the edge of the map area and obviously keeps things looking organized. Cartographers may also use neatlines to define offsets, which are mini-maps of an expanded area of the map. Many road maps, for instance, contain offsets of major cities that show additional cartographic  detail like local roads and landmarks. If youre using a topographic map, which depicts changes of elevation in addition to roads and other landmarks, youll see wavy brown lines that meander around. These are called contour lines and represent a given elevation as it falls upon the contour of the landscape.